Monthly Archives: October 2024



JASON QIN

Jason is just beginning Intro to Rhetoric which uses State by State: A Panoramic Portrait of America as textbook. Many years ago (10) another student wrote an essay on Joe Sacco’s inimitable style, but in Jason’s foray into the unit, he hit a line drive that kept on sailing until … HOMERUN!

One of the most perplexing things about Joe Sacco’s graphic essay on Oregon is the overall negative tone. Perhaps this is simply Sacco’s style, but is Sacco aiming to portray Oregon as a place for people with a sense of inadequacy? The short answer is that he does not. For the long answer, we have to examine the purpose of the heavy tone applied to the essay. 

            We know that Sacco sees Oregon in a positive light. He establishes this in the first cell of the entire graphic essay, where he tells the reader that he’s “lived in Oregon on and off” since he was 14. If Sacco truly does not view Oregon in a positive light, he would not have “lived in Oregon on and off,” as he implies that he had returned to the state from other places; he may have had his grievances, but he loves the state anyway. Why would he return to a place that he does not want to live in?

            Also, although he is seemingly in a war with Portland’s weather, we see through his self-deprecation and regular discomfort that he is averse to disorder. We see this in how he claims to suffer in any weather, perhaps the most disorderly thing on Earth. He wipes mud off of the dog before letting it inside on the “polished, hardwood floor,” and he portrays his discomfort visually when Amalie trails mud on the floor. He is a man of order, which he shows with his system for not losing umbrellas; he attempts to counteract the variability of weather by always carrying an umbrella with him.

            On the other hand, he manages to change within his framework of order throughout the graphic essay, to the point where he welcomes the enriching (gentrification) of the Pearl District. The last bubble, “It will matter that much less whether it rains or shines,” does not have a distinct character attached to it. The cell seems to follow Amalie’s line of thinking, but it seems like Sacco’s thought too. In a sense, Sacco’s essay on Oregon is a journey of embracing the disorderly characteristics of his life, as by the end of the essay, Sacco seems to imply that moving downtown would help him get over his issues with weather. 

The twenty-three-year-long time span of the essay depicts this journey toward fully accepting the chaotic nature of Oregon (as depicted through the weather) through the overall negative tone. Sacco communicates to the reader that to truly appreciate the state of Oregon one must see past the rainy gloom of Portland and look, perhaps, to the desert that his friend, Mike, painted. Sacco aims to portray Oregon as a blank slate, and it can only be what the reader wants it to be, similarly to how Sacco had to craft his experience of Oregon until he could see past the weather.



LEONA ZHOU

John Howe^

Saruman was first mentioned in The Fellowship of the Ring, by J. R. R. Tolkien in Chapter 2, The Council of Elrond. It was where everyone meets up, including Bilbo, and talks about what to do next about the great evil rising, and what to do with the Ring. Gandalf tells his story about Saruman’s betrayal. And it was then it became clear that Saruman had crossed to the evil side: “‘I looked then and saw that his robes, which had seemed white, were not so, but were woven colours, and if he moved they shimmered and changed hue so that the eye was bewildered. ‘I liked white better,’ I said. ‘White!’ he sneered. ‘It serves as a beginning. White cloth may be dyed. The white page can be overwritten; and the white light can be broken’“(page 252). From this, we can see that Saruman’s morals and principles were diminished, and it seems from then on Saruman just gets worse and worse. I think the cloth changing colors is to show white means purity and wisdom, but it can change colors according to its wearer, and in this case, Saruman is shifting, so there are more colors, meaning something has invaded his purity to remain good, as he did later on try to hold Gandalf captive in Isengard. Luckily, Gandalf escapes and redeems himself and becomes Gandalf the White instead of Gandalf the Grey, since the wizards needed a new leader now that Saruman has gone evil. Moving on to The Two Towers, Saruman’s plans show that he is growing more and more selfish and power hungry. The reason for that is he has creatures like Orcs working for him to capture Merry and Pippin, because he thinks having them would somehow help him get closer to the Ring. Which proves to be a terrible plan because Merry and Pippin are brighter and braver than you think, for they eventually escape by offering a cruel Orc a bribe and taking advantage of the chance to run away; and now, we can see that Saruman is actually weakening. He still puts up a great fight when Treebeard and his Ents invade and destroy his territory, but when Gandalf, Legolas, Gimli, Theoden, and Eomer confront him, his voice doesn’t quite work on them, partly because of the strong wills of who Saruman is trying to waver, but also because it seems the evil has done him damage, too. Not to mention, Saruman is really prideful, which is one of the reasons why he’s not willing to take Gandalf’s offered chance to him: “his voice was shrill and cold. Pride and hate conquering him. ‘Will I come down?’ he mocked”, (Tolkien, page 568). His hatred and betrayal leads to Gandalf breaking his staff.